Monthly Market Review – May 2023

Global financial markets in May were mostly directionless. The S&P 500 and Nikkei were the notable positives, with the latter reaching a 33-year high, but other equity regions were flat to slightly negative. UK equities gave up the gains they made in April by falling c.5% in May. Bond markets were slightly negative on ongoing interest rate fears as uncertainty dragged on regarding how far central banks were likely to raise interest rates.

The most significant news was the periodic political standoff regarding the US debt ceiling. However, market fears were eased by the end of the month when the House of Representatives passed the required bill.

Rate hikes in the US and Europe continued, albeit less aggressively. The Federal Reserve, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank each hiked by a quarter-point.

Mixed signals in US

The Fed’s hike was its tenth in just over a year, bringing it to its highest target range since 2007. Chairman Jay Powell hinted that rate hikes could be paused soon, while the IMF still warned that the US will need to keep interest rates ‘higher for longer’ to get inflation back to its target. New data showed that US headline CPI fell to 4.9% for April, beating expectations that it would remain steady at 5.0%, but core inflation remained stubbornly high, dipping only slightly to 5.5%.

The signals continued to be mixed around the US economy. The Q1 US GDP figure was revised up to 1.3% from an initial estimate of 1.1%, which was attributed to strong spending from consumers and federal and local government, while US unemployment claims were near historic lows, bolstering fears of more rate hikes to come and putting further pressure on US bonds. Yet the rate of large US companies filing for bankruptcy rose to eight in May versus an average of three a month in 2022, reflecting the wider credit tightening squeeze, and a measure of US consumer confidence fell to its lowest level so far this year.

Rating lowered on high yield bonds

Despite the recent elevated volatility within bond markets, one fixed income fund manager noted that high yield credit continues to exhibit resilient fundamentals – including a near-zero default rate, high recovery rates, declining leverage, and improved liquidity. He said: “The market also contains some of the highest interest coverage ratios we have seen in more than a decade. When the risk-free rate and credit spreads reach levels such as those observed today, we have historically seen strong one-year forward returns in the high yield asset class. This year’s jump in yields has meant this buffer is back again, providing investors with a powerful compounding effect.”

Another fixed income fund manager said: “Last year was all about interest rates and inflation but so far, 2023 has been all about credit differentiation. Credit will matter much more. To date, we have had a rates sell-off, not a credit sell-off.

“Defaults this year have been at record lows. Stripping out Russia and Ukraine, they’ve been at about 0.5%. That leaves only one way to go. That said, the average balance sheet is better quality than in recent history and we don’t expect a significant spike like that seen in the Global Financial Crisis, but defaults will pick up from here. We expect a rate of 3-4% in the UK, and 2-3% in Europe.”

We lowered our ranking on high yield bonds in our Q2 tactical asset allocation review to neutral, having raised it in Q4 2022. We added exposure to high yield investments at an opportune time, when they had attractive spreads versus government bonds but these have since narrowed and we have taken some profits but remain constructive on the long term prospects for the asset class.

More positive on European smaller companies

In Europe, encouraging data that showed German inflation was cooling to 4.1% in April versus 6.7% in March helped the DAX index to reach a record high. The DAX has seen double-digit performance so far this year on strong industrial earnings. However, the European Central Bank still raised its benchmark deposit rate to 3.25% and warned of more hikes this year.

We are now more positive on European smaller companies, albeit still neutral. Concerns over Europe’s domestic economy are abating as the region continues to progress after the problems associated with gas supplies from Russia due to the war in Ukraine.

The UK’s headline inflation fell to 8.7% in April from 10.1% in March but it was still above the Bank of England’s forecast of 8.4%. Core inflation jumped from 6.2% in March to 6.8%. Fears of further rate hikes being needed pushed gilt yields to levels close to those seen in last year’s mini-Budget crisis. Data also showed that UK GDP remained in positive territory in Q1 and the BoE said it no longer expected a recession lasting throughout 2023 and into Q1 2024.

One UK equities fund manager said it had been a reassuring Q1 earnings season. He added: “The more economic sensitive businesses such as the recruiters and consumer discretionary have seen a slowdown. But then to some degree that was already reflected in their valuations, so the share price reactions have been OK in those names. The valuations of those businesses are interesting for long-term investors who can see through the cycle.”

US-China tensions easing

In Asia, the Nikkei hit a 33-year high as stronger-than-expected GDP data showed that Japan’s economy grew in Q1 by an annualised 1.6%, beating expectations of 0.7%. It was the first rise in three quarters, thanks to a post-Covid recovery in household spending. But poor manufacturing activity data undermined hopes for a swift recovery in China following its Covid lockdown.

There was encouraging news regarding US-China tensions. At the end of the G7 summit in Japan, president Biden predicted a thaw in US-China relations and later in the month, US and Chinese trade officials met at an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation conference in Detroit to stabilise economic ties.

A fund manager pointed out the risks and challenges of investing in Asia: “The challenges in the region are sentiment swings and retail participation, although those can both also represent opportunities. Some markets in the region are not as institutionalised as the more developed markets.

“China, for example, has very high retail participation, and so its market can be very sentiment driven from time to time, in both positive and negative directions. That’s a challenge, but it can also be an opportunity when things go your way.”

Market sentiment is still on a tightrope, thanks to inflation not going down as quickly as investors would like but the general situation not being so bad either. Inflation remains persistent but arguably we are through the worst of it and economies are making steady progress. In our most recent tactical asset allocation review, we raised our outlook on cash, but this had more to do with rising interest rates making it a better store of value rather than a negative outlook on markets. Overall, we are still seeing the underlying tone gather momentum in markets that have clocked up two quarters of growth and a positive start to 2023.